过去式

更新时间:2024-01-26 05:30

过去式(past tense)是英语语法的一种,表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。一般过去式的动词通常用动词原形的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词

定义

⒈过去发生的而已经结束的动作需要用一般过去式来表示。

⒉表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。

【过去时态】表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。

【过去时态结构】是指过去时态下的动词形式的语法构成。

动词变化规则

注:英语26个字母中,除了a,e,i,o,u 这几个元音字母外,其他都是辅音字母

不规则动词

动词过去式

不规则动词过去式

is-was

are-were

am-was

go-went

do,does-did

bring-brought

make-made

have-had

run-ran

tell-told

eat-ate

get-got

draw-drew

put -put

read-read

take-took

die-died

see-saw

fly-flew

cut-cut

meet-met

tell-told

build-built

lend-lent

lose-lost

hear-heard

buy-bought

choose-chose

forget-forgot

sink-sank

sing-sang

begin-began

ring-rang

drink-drank

draw-drew

lie-lay

wear-wore

know-knew

teach-taught

swim-swam

stand-stood

keep-kept

think-thought

规则动词:

call,live,walk,talk,jump,use,plant,want,water,play,stop,study,visit,learn(learned/learnt)。

其他变化

1.原形-过去式-过去分词全相同

cost——cost——cost 价值

cut——cut——cut 切,割,砍

hit——hit——hit 打

hurt——hurt——hurt 伤害

read/ri:d/——read/red/——read/red/ 读

put——put——put 放

let——let——let 让

shut——shut——shut 关

2. 过去分词与原形相同,过去式改o/u为a

become—became—become 变得,成为

come—came—come 来

run—ran—run 跑

3. 原形-过去式-过去分词是i-a-u的变化

begin—began—begun 开始

drink---drank—drunk 喝

ring---rang—rung 打电话

sing---sang---sung 唱(歌)

swim---swam---swum 游泳

4. 过去分词在原形后加-en

eat—ate---eaten

fall---fell—fallen 落下;跌倒

5. 过去式和过去分词都去掉原形的一个e

feed---fed—fed 喂养,饲养

meet---met---met 碰到,见面,会面

6. 过去分词在原形后加-n

blow—blew—blown 吹

grow—grew—grown 种植;生长

throw---threw---thrown 投;掷;扔

know---knew——known知道;懂得;认为

draw—drew—drawn 画

fly--- flew---flown飞

see --- saw --- seen 看见,看到

show---showed---shown 出示;给...看

give--- gave ---given 给

drive---drove---driven 驾驶

take---took---taken 拿去;带去

7. 过去分词以-en结尾

bite--- bit --- bitten 咬

ride---rode---ridden 骑(车,马等)

write---wrote---written

hold---held---holden 握住

break---broke---broken 弄坏,弄破

choose--chose--chosen 选择

speak---spoke---spoken 讲话;演讲

wake---woke---woken 使...醒来;弄醒

forget---forgot---forgotten 忘记

get---got---gotten 得到

hide---hid---hidden 躲,藏

8. 过去分词以-ne结尾

do --- did --- done 做,干

go --- went --- gone

9.过去式与过去分词都有aught结尾

catch---caught ---caught 捉住;抓住

teach---taught---taught 教

10.过去式和过去分词都以-ought结尾

bring---brought---brought 拿来;带来

buy ---bought ---bought 买

fight---fought---fought 打架;打仗

think---thought--thought 想;认为

seek---sought--sought寻求

11.

dig ---dug ---dug 挖

get ---got---got 得到;获得

sit --- sat --- sat 坐下

hold---held ---held 举行;握住

shine --- shone --- shone 照耀

say--- said ---said 说

pay---paid---paid 付账;为...付款

make---made---made 制造;制作

tell --- told --- told 告诉

sell---sold---sold 卖

stand --- stood --- stood 站立

understand-understood-understood 明白;理解

find --- found --- found 发现

12. 过去式和过去分词都在原形后加d或t

hear--heard--heard 听见;听说

mean --meant--meant 意思是

13. 过去式和过去分词都以elt,eft或ept结尾

feel --- felt --- felt 感觉

keep --- kept --- kept 保持

sleep---slept---slept 睡觉

leave --- left --- left 离开

14 .

have --- had --- had 有

lose --- lost --- lost 丢失;迷失

build---built---built 建造;建设

send --- sent --- sent 寄;送

lend---lent---lent 借

spend --- spent --- spent 花费(时间,金钱)

15.

lie --- lay --- lain 躺;位于

wear --- wore --- worn 穿;戴

be ---was, were --- been

16. 只有过去式

can --- could

may --- might 可能,也许

shall---should 将要

will---would 将要

17. 过去式和过去分词均有两个

burn-burned/burnt-burned/burnt 燃烧

dream-dreamed/dreamt-dreamed/dreamt 做梦;梦见

learn-learned/learnt-learned/learnt 学会

smell--smelled/smelt--smelled/smelt 闻

spell--spelled/spelt--spelled/spelt 拼写

Be动词的一般过去时

内容在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were

肯定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + 其它.

否定句式:主语 + be(was , were) + not + 其它.

一般疑问句:Be(was , were) + 主语 + 其它?

注:在这种构成中,be动词有人称和数的变化,即要根据主语选用was / were。Be动词分为单数和复数,was是表示单数,were是表示复数。

实义动词一般过去时态

注:1. did和didn’t是构成一般过去时助动词,其特点是要在其后跟动词的原形。

2.实意动词do的一般过去时

肯定句要使用动词的过去式否定句疑问句要使用助动词do和 does 的过去式 did.

肯定句式:主语 + 动词(过去式)+ 其它

否定句式:主语 + didn’t + 动词(原形)+ 其它 【did not = didn’t】

一般疑问句:Did + 主语+ 动词(原形)+ 其它【do , does的过去时均为did】?

Idomy homework every day.(用yesterday改写句子)

Ididmy homework yesterday.

I didn’t do my homework yesterday.(否定句)

Didyoudoyour homework yesterday?Yes ,I did. /No, I didn’t.(一般疑问句)

情态动词的一般过去时态

含有情态动词的一般过去时与含有be动词的一般过去时,是十分相似,请注意观察。

肯定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + 其它

否定句式:主语 + 情态动词 + not + 其它.

一般疑问句:情态动词 + 主语 + 其它?

注:情态动词的过去式:can→could , may→might , must→must ,will→would,shall→should。

特殊疑问句式:

特殊疑问词+be过去式+主语+其他?

特殊疑问词+情态助动词过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?

特殊疑问词+do/does过去式+主语+动词原形+其他?

What was your former name? 你以前叫什么名字?

Why was he late for school last Monday? 上星期一他为什么迟到?

What could she do twenty years ago? 20年前她能做什么?

一般过去时表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态;过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。基本结构:主语+谓语(was/were)+形容词/名词/介词短语+过去时间;否定形式①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词;一般疑问句Did+主语+do+其他。

一般过去时,表示过去某个时间里发生的非持续性动作或存在的状态,也表示经常或反复发生的动作。用动词的过去式表示,常和表示过去的时间状语连用,如:yesterday,lastnight,in+过去的年份,two daysago,before,theageof等。

一般过去时也表示过去经常或反复发生的动作,常和often,always等表示频率的时间状语连用。表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。

动词变化

句法结构

肯定形式

主语+动词过去式+其他

例句:She often came to help us in those days.

否定形式

主语+didn't +谓语动词原型+其他

①was/were+not;②在行为动词前加didn't,同时还原行为动词

例句:I didn't know you like coffee.

一般疑问句

①Did+主语+谓语动词原型+其他? ②Was/Were+主语+表语?

例句:Did I do homework?

用表格整理如下:

记法

口诀

一般过去时并不难,过去动作、状态记心间。

动词要用过去式,时间状语句末站。

否定句很简单,didn't 站在动原前,其它部分不要变。

一般疑问句也好变,did放在句子前,主语、动原、其它部分依次站立。

特殊疑问句也简单,疑问词加一般疑问句记心间。

[1]

用法

(1)一般过去时表示在过去某个特定时间发生,也可以表示过去习惯性、经常性的动作。一般不强调动作的影响,只说明事情。

句式:主语+动词过去式+宾语+其它

I had a word with Julia this morning.今天早晨,我跟朱莉娅说了几句话。

He smoked many cigarettes a day until he gave up. 他没有戒烟的那阵子,抽烟抽得可凶了。

(2) 一般过去时常与表示过去的时间状语从句连用,如:yesterday,last week ,in the past ,in 1993,at that time,once,during the war,before,a few days ago,when 等等.

注意

在谈到已死去的人的情况时,多用过去时。

He was dead in 1990.

(3)表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去时。这种情况下,往往没有表示过去的时间状语,而通过上下文来表示。

The boy opened his eyes for a moment,looked at the captain,and then died.

那男孩把眼睛张开了一会儿,看看船长,然后就去世了。

(4) 表示在此之前一段时间内经常或反复的动作。常与always,never等连用。

Mrs. Peter always carried an umbrella.

彼得太太过去老是带着一把伞。

(只是说明她过去的动作,不表明她是否常带着伞。)

比较

Mrs. Peter always carries an umbrella.

彼得太太总是带着一把伞。

(说明这是她的习惯,表明她仍然还习惯总带着一把伞)

Mrs. Peter is always carrying an umbrella.

彼得太太总是带着一把伞。

(表示说话者对这一动作或行为厌烦)

I never drank wine.我以前从不喝酒。

(不涉及到说明是否喝酒)

(5)如果强调已经终止的习惯时要用 used to do(过去常常做,而不那样做了)

He used to drink alcohol.

他过去喝酒。

(意味着他不喝酒了。喝酒这个动作终止了)

I used to take a walk in the morning.

我过去是在早晨散步。

(意味着不在早晨散步了)

Eddle bought a bicycle three days ago.

Eddle在三天以前买了一辆自行车。

比较:

I took a walk in the morning.

我曾经在早晨散过步。

(只是说明过去这一动作)

(6)有些句子,虽然没有表示过去确定时间的状语,但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态的话,也要用过去时,这一点,我们中国学生往往出错,要特别注意!

I didn''t know you were in Paris.

我不知道你在巴黎。

(因为在说话时,我已经知道你在巴黎了。这句话指的是说话之前,所以只能用过去时表示。实际上,这句话暗指:But now I know you are here.)

I thought you were ill.

我以为你病了呢。(这句话应是在说话之前,我以为你病了。但是我知道你没病)[1]

时间状语

1. yesterday (morning,afternoon,evening)

2. the day before yesterday

3. last night (week,Sunday,weekend,month,winter,year,century 世纪)

4. ago

5.this morning/afternoon/evening

6.when引导的状语从句(动词过去时)

7.just now

8.the other day -- a few days ago.

9. at the age of 10 (过去年龄段)

10. in the old days

11. at that time

12. at that moment

一般形态

1. Be 动词的一般过去时态.

在没有实义动词的句子中使用be动词, am is 的过去式为was; are的过去式为were.

构成:肯定句:主语+was (were) +表语

如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。)

否定句:主语+was (were) +not+表语

如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没有迟到)

【注意】:当句中含有系动词was,were时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。如:I was on the Internet

when you called me.当你打电话给我时,我在上网。→ :I was not/wasn't on the Internet when you called me .当你打电话给我时,我不在上网。

疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+表语当谓语动词提前并直接或间接表达注意时态

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语

2.实义动词一般过去时态

肯定句要使用动词的过去式否定句和疑问句要使用助动词do和does 的过去式did.

否定句:主语+didn't +动词原形+宾语

疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形+宾语

3.助动词和情态动词过去式如下:

shall―should(将要)用于第一人称单数

will―would(将要)用于所有人称

can—could(能,会) may―might(可以) must―must (必须)

have to―had to(不得不)

助动词和情态动词的过去时态要使用他们的过去式,后面的动词还使用原形。

如:I had to do my homework yesterday. (昨天我不得不做作业。)[1]

语法讲解

一般过去时也叫单纯过去时。

例A:Mr. Smith bought a new car yesterday.

(史密斯先生昨天买了一辆新车。)

例B:They were here only a few minutes ago.

(几分钟前他们还在这里。)

一般过去时的用法如下:

一般过去时最明显的现象就是常由表达过去之时间的副词或副词短语来修饰它(如各例句的斜体字部分)。这些常用于修饰一般过去时的副词有:yesterday,yesterday morning (afternoon,evening ),just now (刚才),before (以前), then(at that time ) (当时),last +时间 (如 last week,month,year,Monday,… January,… spring,…,etc. ),that +时间 (如 that day,afternoon,summer,…,etc. ),时间 + ago (如 a few minutes ago,two weeks ago,years ago,… etc.)

“过去”的概念并不是只指如 “yesterday,last week,… ” 等,实际上“与现在对立的过去”,亦即“非现在的以前”,哪怕是“过了说话时间的几分钟之前”,只要所要表达的时间与说话时的“现在”形成对立,就必须使用一般过去时来表达。例如:

He was here only a few minutes ago.

(仅仅几分钟前他还在这里。)

I came home just now.

(我刚回到家。)

在A项我们说明了“this + 时间, today,etc.”的时间副词常用于修饰一般现在时,但是实际上只要是“与说话时的现在”对立,就必须使用一般过去时。例如:

I got up very early this morning.

(今天早晨我起床很早。)

He was late for school again today.

(今天他又迟到了。)

(3)一般过去时的用法:

1. 过去发生的动作。例如:

The police stopped me on my way home last night.

2. 过去存在的状态。例如:

They weren't able to come because they were so busy.

3. 常用于一般过去时的时间状语:

yesterday,three months ago,last year,in 1979,once upon a time(很久以前),long ago,then(那时)等。

例题解析:举一反三,学的更轻松!

1. Mott is out. But he ______ here a few minutes ago.

A. was B. is C. will be D. would be

解析:几分钟前发生的动作, 应该用一般过去时。应选A,

2.---Hi,Tom.

---Hello,Fancy. I ______ you were here.

A.don't know B.won't think C. think D. didn't know

解析:虽然句中没有明确的时间状语, 但是可以通过上下文语境判断出, 我说这话之前不知道,但是现在知道了,表示的动作,要用过去时态。所以选D。

3.He promised to tell me by himself when I ______.

A. come B. would come C. came D. had come

解析:在时间状语从句中,用一般过去时表示过去将来。应选C。[1]

技巧

一变:肯定句变为否定句

【技巧1】当句中含有情态动词助动词could,would,should等时,可直接在其后面加not构成否定句。例如:

I could get you a concert ticket. → I could not / couldn't get you a concert ticket.

【技巧2】当句中含有系动词was,were 时,可直接在其后加not构成否定句。例如:

I was on the Internet when you called me. → I was not / wasn't on the Internet when you called me.

【技巧3】当句中谓语是除情态动词助动词、系动词was,were以外的动词时,在该动词之前加did not / didn't,动词还原,构成否定句。例如:

The famous singer sang some Chinese songs. → The famous singer did not / didn't sing any Chinese songs.

二变:陈述句变为一般疑问句

【技巧1】移动词语的位置。将was,were,could,would,should等移到句首。例如:

He could pack his things himself. → Could he pack his things himself?

【技巧2】添加助动词did。谓语是除情态动词、助动词、系动词was,were以外的动词时,在主语之前加did,动词还原。例如:

Mr Li looked very old. → Did Mr Li look very old?

三变:陈述句变为特殊疑问句

【技巧1】确定疑问词:人who / whom,物what,地点where,时间when / what time,原因why,频率how often,长度how long,距离how far等等。例如:

They gave the concert last night. → When did they give the concert?

【技巧2】辨认结构形式:疑问词+情态动词/助动词/ was / were / did +主语+...? 例如:

The accident happened near the station. → Where did the accident happen

一些不规则变化:

do>did see>saw make>made take>took eat>ate

read>read put>put get>got hear>heard feel>felt

is/am---was are---were teach---taught catch---caught

buy---bought go---went come---came become---became等[1]

基本介绍

表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示,而动词的过去式是在动词原形的基础上变化的。动词的过去式可分为规则动词和不规则动词。

【过去式】

⒈过去发生的而已经结束的动作需要用一般过去式来表示

⒉表示过去某个时间里发生的动作或状态。

⒊过去习惯性、经常性的动作、行为;过去主语所具备的能力和性格。

【过去时态】表示行为、动作和状态在各种时间条件下的动词形式。

【过去时态结构】是指过去时态下的动词形式的语法构成。

如:work-worked,listen-listened

一般的就是直接加ed,特殊的有一些变化。

A:What did you do last weekend? 你上周末做了什么

B:I played football.我踢了足球。

A:Did you read books?你看了书吗?

B:Yes,I did.是的,我看了。

A:What did you do last week?你上个星期做了什么?

B:I studied English.我学习了英语。

A:Did you read books?你看了书吗?

B:Yes,I did.是的,我看了。

表示一般过去式的动词通常用动词的过去式形式来表示。不规则动词的过去式变化规律性不强,须多加记忆。

am,is—was(是),

are—were(是),

read—read(读),

go—went(走),

buy—bought(买),

sell—sold(卖),

come—came(来),

take—took(拿),

have (has)—had(有),

begin—began(开始),

bring—brought(拿来),

can—could(能),

cut—cut(砍,割),

do/does—did(做,干),

draw—drew(画画,拉),

drink—drank(喝),

drive—drove(驾驶),

eat—ate(吃),

fall—fell(跌倒,落下),

feel—felt(感觉),

fly—flew(飞),

get—got(获得),

give—gave(给),

grow—grew(生长),

keep—kept(保持),

know—knew(知道,认识),

learn—learnt(学习),

leave—left(离开),

let—let(让),

lie—lay(躺,平放),

make—made(使得,做),

may—might(可以),

must—must(必须),

ride—rode(骑),

ring—rang(鸣铃),

run—ran(跑),

say—said( 说),

see—saw(看见),

sell—sold(卖),

send—sent(送),

set—set(放),

sing—sang(唱歌),

sit—sat(坐),

sleep—slept(睡觉),

speak—spoke(说话),

spend—spent(花费),

stand—stood(站立),

swim—swam(游泳),

teach—taught(教),

tell—told(告诉),

think—thought(认为),

throw—threw(投掷),

understand—understood(懂得),

wear—wore(穿),

will—would(将要),

win—won(获胜),

bend—bent(弯曲),

blow—blew(吹)

而不规则动词的过去式的发音则略有不同,但是有些还是按照一定规律变化的。如以上的:make—made,get—got ,buy—bought ,come—came ,fly—flew ,bring—brought,teach—taught,think—thought,say—said,sit—sat,read—ead,spend—spent,give—gave,tell—told,write—wrote,feel—felt,find—found,hear—heard,know—knew,put—put,grow—grew,take—took,catch—caught,become—became,swim—swam,sweep—swept,sing—sang,draw—drew。

仔细看一看,能发现它们的一些变化规律,也就是说不需要死记硬背这些过去式,知道了原型和变化规律,就可以写出来了。有的变化部分读音也是有规律的。分类记忆是对学习过去式很有帮助的!

一般过去时的用法

一.概念:一般过去时是表示在过去的时间里发生的动作或状态,通常与表示过去的时间状语连用。

二.时间状语:yesterday,the day before yesterday,two days ago,long long ago,a minute ago,last year(week,month),just now,at that time,in those days.

三.过去时的用法:

1.有确定的过去时间状语时要用过去式。

例:We had a good time last week.

2.表示过去连续发生的动作时,要用过去式。

例:The boy closed the door,turned off the window,and then went to bed.

⒊ 表示过去一段时间内经常或反复的动作,要用过去式。

例:She often came to help me at that time.

四.一般过去式的构成形式:

Be动词的过去式

⑴肯定句:主语+ be动词的过去式(was,were)

例:He was ill yesterday. She was nine two years ago.They were my students long long ago.

否定句:主语+ be动词的过去式(was,were)+ not

例:He was not ill yesterday.She was not nine two years ago.They were not my students long long ago.

一般疑问句:直接把be动词提到句首。

例:Was he ill yesterday?

肯定回答:Yes,he was.

否定回答:No,he wasn't.Was she nine two years ago? Yes,she was. / No,she wasn't.Were they your students long long ago? Yes,they were. / No,they weren't.

实意动词的过去式:⑴肯定句:主语+动词的过去式

例:He played football last week.She watched TV last night.

⑵否定句:主语+ did not +动词原形

例:He did not play football last week.She didn’t watch TV last night.

一般疑问句:Did +主语+动词原形 例:Did he play football last week?

回答:Yes,he did./ No,he didn't.

Did she watch TV last night?

回答:Yes,she did. / No,she didn’t.

五.动词变过去式的几种常用规则:1.一般词动直接+ ed;

例:look--looked want--wanted listen --listened

2.以e结尾的词直接+ d;例:live--lived phone--phoned

3.以辅音字母加y结尾,变y为i加ed;例:try--tried study--studied

4.重读闭音节结尾的,词尾只有一个辅音字母,双写词尾辅音字母+ ed;例:stop--stopped plan--planned

⒌不规则动词: 动词由原形转变为过去式时不按词尾加“-ed”之变化规则者叫做不规则动词。小学常见的动词不规则过去式如:是be/is/am- was,是are- were,来come-came,去go- went,有have- had,做/干do- did,做make- made 读read- read,放put- put,切割cut- cut,写write- wrote,带走take- took,买buy- bought,带来bring- brought,想think- thought,看见see- saw,说say- said,说话speak- spoke,打破break- broke,得到get- got,跑run- ran,告诉tell- told,唱sing- sang,喝drink- drank,吃eat- ate,游泳swim- swam,开始begin- began,偷steal- stole,遇见meet- met,卖sell- sold,坐sit- sat,跑run-ran,读read-read,想要want-want,知道know-known,fall-fell等等。

I worked in that factory last year. 我在那一家工厂工作。I went to the Tian Long Mountain yesterday. 昨天我们去了天龙山。I stayed at home,yesterday.昨天,我整日呆在家里.

一般过去时态:表示过去某一时间所发生的动作或存在的状态。谓语动词要用一般过去式。

时间标志:yesterday(昨天),last weekend(上周),last month(上个月),last year,two months ago(两个月前),the day before yesterday(前天),in 1990 (在1990年),in those days (在那些日子里)等表示过去的时间状语。

I was born in 1990. (我出生在1990年。)

When did you go to the park? (你是什么时候去的公园?)

I went to the park last weekend. (我是上周去的公园。)

在上面的句子中第一句属于be动词的一般过去时态;

第二句和第三句属于实义动词go的一般过去时态。

肯定句:主语+was (were) +表语

如:I was late yesterday. (昨天我迟到了。)

否定句:主语+was (were) +not+表语

如:We weren't late yesterday. (我们昨天没迟到。)

疑问句:Was (Were) +主语+表语

如:Was you sick yesterday? (你昨天病了吗?)

肯定回答:Yes,I was. (是的,我病了。)

否定回答:No,I wasn't. (不,我没病。)

特殊疑问句:特殊疑问词+was (were) +主语+表语

如:When were you born? 你是什么时候出生的?

规则动词词尾加-ed有三种读音:

1. 在清辅音后读作[t]。如:asked,helped,watched,stopped。

2. 在浊辅音和元音后读作[d]。如:enjoyed,studied,moved,called。

3.在t / d后读作[id]。如:wanted,needed 清音t元浊d td后面读(一的)。

不规则动词的过去式大体上归纳有以下六条记忆法

1. 以t结尾的词,过去式与原形相同。如:put—put,let—let,cut—cut,beat—beat。

2. 以d结尾的词,把d变成t。如:build—built,lend—lent,send—sent,spend—spent。

3. 以n结尾的词,在词后加t。如:mean—meant,burn—burnt,learn—learnt。

4.以ow 、aw结尾的词,把ow / aw变成ew。如:blow—blew,draw—drew,know—knew,grow—grew。

5.含有双写字母的词,将双写改为单写,在词尾加t。如:keep—kept,sleep—slept,feel—felt,smell—smelt。

6.含有元音字母o / i的词,将o / i变成a。如:sing—sang,give—gave,sit—sat,drink—drank。

但也有例外,如get的过去式是got,与第一条不符,仅仅是大多数动词符合。

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